School poverty: All youth should attend economically diverse, well-resourced schools. 

Insights & Analyses

  • Among students of color, 49 percent attend high-poverty schools nationwide, a rate 12 percent higher than the average for all students.
  • Nevada has the highest proportion of all students in high-poverty schools out of all states. Eighty-seven percent of Black students in the state attended high-poverty schools compared to 58 percent of white students.
  • Across primary schools, white students are least likely to attend high-poverty schools, and Asian American students are most likely to attend low-poverty schools. 
  • While Latino students were more likely to attend high-poverty schools than Black students in 2000, Black students are now more likely to attend high-poverty schools.

Drivers of Inequity

Despite the 1954 Supreme Court ruling Brown v Board of Education of Topeka that banned racial segregation, students of color remain far more likely to attend high-poverty schools than White students. Racial segregation in the United States was forged through historical practices such as racially exclusive housing covenants and zoning laws as well as ongoing ones such as discriminatory hiring and mortgage lending. These practices dispossessed communities of color and excluded them from economic prosperity while White communities have accumulated wealth. The resulting geographic concentrations of wealth and poverty cause students of color to attend high-poverty schools at much higher rates than White students.

Strategies

Grow an equitable economy: Policies to help all youth succeed

Strategy in Action

Montgomery County's inclusionary zoning policy improves student outcomes. Located just outside of Washington, DC, Montgomery County is home to the oldest continuously operating inclusionary zoning program. Begun in 1974 to address the need for workforce housing, the policy requires housing developers to set aside 12 percent of new homes at below-market rates and allow the public housing authority to purchase a portion of these units. In 2018, the county began to require developers to set aside at least 15 percent of homes in affluent neighborhoods. The policy has generated over 15,000 affordable housing units and resulted in thousands of low-income children attending low-poverty schools in their neighborhoods. Evaluations find that the students who attend these schools show significant improvements in school achievement compared to their counterparts in moderate- to high-poverty schools, demonstrating how good housing policy is good school policy. Learn more.

Related Indicators